Contraction joint for concrete



A. c. FISCHER CONTRAC'IION JOINT FOR CONCRETE Feb. 6, 1951 Filed Feb. 2e, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 PA RA PLAS T/L rlllilllllllllll PARA PLAST/C INVENTOR. ALBERT C. FISCHER ATTORNEY fFeb. 6, 1951 A. c. FlscHl-:R 2,540,251

CONTRACTI NCRETE Filed Feb. 26,l 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 fly 6. Q .f jg'. 9

! 'Il Ila L ATTORNEY Feb. 6, 1951 A. c. FISCHER CONTRACTION JOINT FOR CONCRETE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 26, 1945 155.55705 CEMENT INVENTOR. ALBERT C. FISCHER l ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 6, 1951 UNITED STATESA PATENT' GFFICE .2,540,251 coN'riaecTrony roINTFonconcerti-E Albert c. Fischer, chicago, In.; Wallace c. Fischer and Cecile G. Fischer, executors of said Albert G. Fischer; deceased, 'assignors to Servioised'P'r-odncts Corporation, a corporation of;

Illinois '7 Claims.

This invention relates to contraction joints ernbeddsd in Concrete Dal/@ments es e mais Where:

butsuitably spaced from expansionV joints that will likewise bc employed.y

One 'object'of the invention is to provide suitableN constructions of thin subdivision plates which, by extending through a suitable prop oru tion o f the vertical dimension of the paving slab or entirely through the sarne incertain selected plates will enableY the slab. under stresses oficontraction developing therein, to pull apart in said planes rather than elsewhere; itY beingcontemplated that such plates may be left permanently in position in` the concrete or withdrawn there'- from and replaced b-y a poured nller as'may be desired. Such plates maybe made of thinmetal such as sheet steel; strips of resinized lig-nin o r other preserved board; wood veneer coated on one or both sides with saturated feltY or paper, sheeting formed of pressed sawdustwi-th a vresinous binder; thin mastic material preferably housed between layers of felt; mineral wool sheet-A ing filled with Portland cement; astrip of asbestos lumber or a sheet of asbestos cement or in fact any non-perishing material capable of maintaining inherent rigidity and strength admitting of manipulation into the position of and serv-ing the functions of the division template for two ael jacent poured concrete slabs. These. plates, es pecially if made of sheet steel, are preferably provided with a protective coating of rubberized bituminous material. They may be formed by pressing or rolling with any desired sectional form such as corrugated or other form that will contribute to their lintegrity and adapt thernto better coact with means for holding them in erect position while the concrete is being poured.

Another object of this invention is to'provide constructions of contraction joint plates that will. enable them to be made in two assembled sections separable along a horizontal line `and both of which may be left permanently in the position of a cleavage defining plane in the concrete, or. the upper one of which Amay be withdrawnafter the concrete has Set While the lower YSefiiirl is left permanently in suchposition; said sections being provided with means facilitating their' as: sembly in functioning position orv their separab'ility and release of the upper Section when .clesrable.

Another object of the invention is to provide waterstop means, in association with any Qi tile various types. Qi @Qntraciion joint' plaies; herein contemplated; some of .Said Waterstop means be.- ins adapted f0.1' associatien in general with .a cleavage dening plate; some of them being espe? vGialli@ designed tor. association with plates having separable Sections the upper @ne Qi which is remevable: and sitters @eine .Combined with ,Silbdivisible cleavage plates in a manner to assist in the assembly of the two plate sections; to pack the jointr between the sections when assembled; and to serve as a waterstop upon the lower seo; tionthat remains permanently in place and prevents water from reaching the foundation of the pavement afterl the upper section ofY the cleavage pla-te is withdrawn. u

It is a further object of the invention to p revide contraction joint plates formeel ofl a rubber-ized bituminous material having a high degree of adhesive tenacity,` distendability-anl recuperative properties after stretching, which properties lremain effective at extremely low temperatures and.temperatures-ranging as low as 0 El. Fur'- ther-morethe invention contemplates the provision of waterstops-employed in conjunctionwith the-contractionjoint plates formed of the' same material so that effective seals are provided-for the contraction jointswhen the contraction forces in the pavement sections are. of sufcient eX'te-nt to effect a separation betweenv the pavement sections. The` composition .of this rubberized lbituminous-material is fullyY disclosed in copend-ingf applications, seriall No, 471,503, sied Januar-y '5, 1943, now Patent No. 23454506, and Serial- Nol. 575,935, iiled February 2,- 1945, now Patent No. 2,511,830. In the latterpatent a preferred ernbodimentof thecomposition is specified as formed ofthe following ingredients:V

Kenai #5i-.3.2m @6% n 3.5%

3 The Trumbull Asphalt B, marketed by the Trumbull Asphalt Company, has the following properties:

Melting point (A. S. T. M. Ring and Ball) F 175-190 Ductility (A. S. T. M. 77 F. 5 cm. per

min.) cm 4-8 Penetration (77 F. 100 gms. 5 secs.

A. S. T. M.) cm-- 0.12-0.20 Penetration (32 F. 200 gms. 60 secs.

A. S. T. M.) cm D22-0.18

The Servicised Flux is an oily asphalt of a viscous liquidy nature of the type from which the heavier asphalts are blown, characterized by the following properties:

Ductility-77 F. 5 cm. per min cm 45 to 60 Penetration-32 F. 200 gms. 60 sec cm 66 The material is too soft to take a penetration at 77 F. with a standard needle, and is also too soft to take a melting point reading with ring and ball.

Other objects and purposes will appear from the more detailed description of the invention following hereinafter, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a contraction joint assembly, the upper portion of which is adapted to be removed following the pouring of the concrete sections;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a different embodiment of the invention utilizing special retaining means for the contraction plate of the rubberized bituminous material contemplated herein;

Fig. 3 is a perspective veiw of a contraction plate formed of a sheet of the rubberized bituminous material covered with sheets of felt on the opposite faces thereof;

Fig. 3a shows a different embodiment of the contraction plate shown in Fig. 3, embodying an oset portion to impart a degree of stability to the plate in the course of its Setting up, which also serves to interlock the two concrete sections by the resulting offset portion, against relative vertical movement; f

Fig. 4 shows a variation of Fig. 3 embodying a rounded bead at the top thereof for cooperation with a retaining device which may beof the type a shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a pair of pavement sections separated by a contraction plate of the type shown in Figs. 2 and 4 following the removal of the retaining plate and the lling of the upper portion of the joint with a sealing compound;

Figs. 6 and 7 are, respectively, an elevational View and a section on the line 1-7 of Fig. 6, showing a portion of a non-divisible cleavage plate together with a portion of one of two wings of a water-stop secured in position on opposite sides of a cleavage plate,- formed of rubberized bituminous material which is adhesive, plastic and distendable and which retains these properties at temperatures as low as 0 F.;

Figs. 8 and 9 are, respectively, an elevational view similar to Fig. 6 and a section on the line 9 9, Fig. 8, showing the cleavage plate with a second row of holes appropriateto the reception of pins conventionally used for anchoring eX-` pansion joint cores or other forms of template for defining the metes and bounds of concrete sections and which may be desirably used in anchoring contraction joint plates as well;

Figs. 10 and 11 are, respectively, an elevational view similar to Fig. 8 and a section on the line H-II of Fig. 10, illustrating the use of an angular lateral deflection in the cleavage plate, that gives form to a tongue-and-groove joint between the two slabs of concrete as a limitation of vertical relative movement between said slabs in case of impairment of their foundations; and, incidentally using the apex of said deflection as the locus of anchoring pins if and when said pins are employed;

Figs. 12 and 13 are, respectively, an elevational view and a section on the line lS-IS of Fig. 12 illustrating the.use of a plurality of vertically spaced Waterstops of rubberized bituminous material of the same general type as that employed in Figs. 6 to 11 inclusive;

Fig. 14 is an elevational view of a portion of a divisible cleavage plate for contraction joints together with a portion of a waterstop that packs the connection between the plate sections and helps to hold said sections releasably in assembly; and

Fig. 15 is a sectional View of two slabs of concrete having their plane of cleavage defined by the plate of Fig. lil, and packed by the waterstop thereof; the plane of section of said plate and waterstop being indicated by the line l5-l5 of Fig. 14.

Figs. 16 to 20 are perspective views of contraction joints, each having an offset portion and embodying a rubberized bituminous composition in a part thereof.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates the upper and lower sections of a two-part cleavage plate for contraction joints in which the lower part l is formed of a rolled sheet of rubberized bituminous material which is comparatively thin, of a range of thickness of less than 1A". This material maintains its adhesive and plastic characteristics at sub-freezing temperatures. The upper part of the cleavage plate 2, which may be formed of Wood, and functions as a molding board or core, is slotted at its bottom edge to accommodate the top edge of the contraction plate and the member 2 is adapted to be removed following the pouring of the concrete sections and the retention of the contraction plate l therebetween.

The space occupied by the molding board may be filled with a suitable plastic mass. The plate i permits the concrete sections to move apart in response to contractile forces without causing a cracking of the concrete.

essary in order to retain the same in position in the course of pouring of the concrete. Fig. 2 illustrates such a modified arrangement, wherein the contraction plate la, formed ef the rubberized bituminous material, is provided with a rounded bead 3 at the upper edge thereof, which is seated in a widened slot of the lower edge of the posi. tioning member 2a, which, in addition, is provided with laterally disposed aligning members 4 which may be of steel or other metal, dove-tailed into the member 2a and extending beyond. the lower edge thereof in order to provide staggered aligning guides for positioning the contraction plate la. The member 2a, with its aligning bars 4, may be withdrawn from the concrete following the pouring thereof before the same becomes completely set.

In Fig. 3 is shown a modified form of contracaslraa 51 tion plate in which "a thin sheet "of rubberized kbituminous material lb, described above, is

offset portions l Ymay be .provided in the contraction plate at different levels thereof. As described above, the plate withvits sheet facings is of small dimension, in the vicinity of Tae" and of less thicknessthan 1/4". t

ln Fig. 4 is shown a contraction plate formed of vurubberized bituminous material faced with felt sides embodying, in v addition, a rounded beading 3 at the top edge thereof, which maybe used in cooperation with a setting device 2a as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

Fig. 5 shows the completed contraction joint formed of the contraction plate la of rubberized bituminous material between the slabs of masonry vM and including a mass of plastic material 5 which has'been poured into the space formerly occupied by the setting or positioning device 2a. The mass of plastic material may be the same rubberized bituminous material of which the plate la vis formed, 'which may be poured into the space provided therefor in afa.'

heated condition, or may assume the form of any other known sealing media.

According to Figs. 6 and "7, the cleavage plate 8 may be made as a single-sheet of any of the materials mentioned above, such as thin metal which may be exemplified by sheet steel, wood veneer Ycoated at least VonV one side thereof with a felt sheeting saturated with a `rubberized bituminous composition of the-type disclosed herein, or any otherwaterprooflng material, strips of asbestos cement or sheets of mineral wool filled vvith'Portland cement. Waterstop wings 9, it (Figs. 6 and 7), may be molded to the opposite faces of the cleavage plate and their interattachment may be reenforced by having portions of the wings restricted in section, project into openings lll and adhere together where they meet by the hot pouring of waterstop wings on each sid'e ofthe openings iLwhereupon the Wings are integral at those openings and also'adhere to the opposite faces of the cleavage plate 3 of the same material or diiferent material such as metal, asbestos, waterproofedwood, veneer, felt covered mastic or the like. If 'desired tov obtain the advantages of an offset' portion, these sheetsy of different materialsV maybe so formed-as shown in Fig. 3a, or of adifferent offset contour. In the Vcase of a cleavage plate formed of a sheet of felt coated wood veneer, the feltsheets on the opposite faces of the wood veneer may protrude beyond the veneer at theV top and bottom edges thereof and the spaces therebetweenv may be filled with the rubberized bituminous plastic ller of the type described above.

According to Figs. 8 and 9, wings 9a, Illa on plates da maybe associated on the same plate, with anchor pins I3 set in perforations I2, thus relieving the wings of destructive shear that might result from relative vertical movement between the slabs of concrete.

In Figs. 10 and 11 the cleavage plate 38h -is llaterally deflected, .angularly .as .suggested at EM .in order to mold the two slabs of .concrete with a tongue-.and-groove assembly which has .the effect of limiting vertical relative movement vbetween the slabs. This .control over the .slabs is in addition to that .afforded by pins i3d .in holes l2b located along the .apex of the .angular de flection.

.As illustrated in Figs. 12 Aand 1-3,.a pair of wings of rubberized bituminous material 9d, lid,

molded to the plate and united together throughV holes EI ld to form a second waterstop, effective forpreventing water Afrom rising upfrom below, may be employed Vin addition to the first water,- stop 9c, lee united through holes llic and .arresting water entering from above, thus :exem- ..plifying the principle of a multiple waterstop cleavage plate.

Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate .a modied design of waterstop cleavage plate made of a plurality .of releasably assembled sections. Here the lower plate section tf is formed withagroove l5, I5, having a supporting step l'i atthe bottom, and the upper section 8e has its meeting edge formed as a tongue le entering said groove, and snugly fitting in said step il independently of the Waterstop, while waterstop rubberized bituminous material Se, Hic is so introduced between the walls l5, i5 of the groove and the tongue l5 above the step l'i, as to pack -the Vconnection against lost motion and seal it against seepage of water.

'The waterstop wings shown on the various figures, formed of special material having pronounced adhesive as well as distendability and recuperative characteristics even at extremely low temperatures, constitute effective Waterstops since their outwardly enlarging sections in the matrices that form about them in the concrete cause them to press water tight against the confines of the matrices, under contraction of the concrete and to resume positions'in which they fill such matrices when the concrete expands again.

Figs. .16 to 20 illustrate different embodiments cfcontraction joints or cleavage plates, gener- .properties and compositions generally described above.

InlF-ig. 17, the contractionplate 23 is illustrated as formed of asbestos cement, having an approximate thickness of less than 1/4, which may be providedwith aperturesll to assist in the setting of the plate in thel courseofthepouring of the concrete at thetime oifabrication. of

Ithe payment or roadway.

' InFig. 18, a sheet 25 of .mineralwoolinterspersedv in a body of Portland cement -may be employed as the contraction plate either as a unitary body or one coated with felt sheets 26 on the opposite faces thereof.

In Fig. 19, a metallic contraction plate 21 may be capped on the upper and lower edges with strips of Para-Plastic material 28 to effect a seal at the base and top of the contraction joint.

7 Adhesion between the sheets 28 takes place both at the metallic plate 'and at the walls of the pavement section so that a distendable seal at both the top and bottom of the joint is attained.

In Fig. 20, the contraction plate 29 is shown formed of sawdust with a resinous binder. In this case as well, the strip may be covered with sheets of felt or may be dipped in Para-'Plastic material.

In all of the illustrated showings of the contraction plates in Figs. 16 to 20, the same are of small thickness and in all cases less than 41.

This case is a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No. 387,743, filed April 9, 1941, Patent No. 2,370,153, February 27, 1945.

I claim:

l. In concrete pavements, a contraction joint comprising a composition plate dividing the concrete in sections formed of a rubberized bituminous composition characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperature, and having the dividing .plate provided with a rounded top edge superposed by a molding board having a recess in the bottom edge thereof for engaging said top edge and thereby positioning the dividing plate, and staggered downwardly extending bars on opposite sides of said dividing plate for retaining said plate in place during the concrete pouring operations.

2. In concrete pavements, a contraction joint comprising a composition plate dividing the concrete in sections formed of a rubberized bituminous composition characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperature, and having the dividing plate superposed by a molding board having a recess in the bottom edge for detachably engaging the top edge of the dividing plate, and staggered downwardly extending bars on opposite sides of said dividing plate for retaining said plate in place during the concrete pouring operations. l

3. In concrete pavements, a contraction joint comprising a plate-like subdivider embedded in the concrete and defining a plane of cleavage therein; said subdivider comprising upper and lower sections, separable following the pouring of the concrete in a substantially horizontal plane; the upper section being removable from between the sections of concrete which it separates, while the lower section formed of a rubberized bituminous sheet of adhesive and distendable material remains embedded in and in contact with the concrete.

4. In concrete pavements, a contraction joint comprising a composition piate for dividing the concrete into sections and composed of 26 to 35% polymerized oil; 35 to 45% asphalt; 16 to 25% crude oil; and to 10% filler, and having a pouring fluidity between 160 and 400 F. and characterized by a high degree of adhesize tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures.

5. In concrete pavements, a contraction joint comprising a composition plate for dividing the concrete into sections and having a pouring fluidity between and 400 F. and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures, said composition being composed of the following ingredients in the respective proportions:

Per cent Polymerized oil L 26 to35 Asphalt B obtained from refining petroleum 35 to 45 Crude oil 16 to 25 Clay 3 to 5 Asbestos 0.5 to 1.5 Exfoliated mica 1.5 to 3.5

6.,In concrete pavements, a contraction joint comprising a composition plate for dividing the concrete into sections embodying in its surface structure a rubberized composition having a pouring fluidity between 160 F. and 440 F. characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative powers, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures, said dividing plate being superposed by a molding plate which is provided with a recess in the bottom edge thereof for detachably engaging the top edge of the dividing plate, and downwardly extending bars on the sides of the dividing and molding plates for retaining same in place during the concrete pouring operation.

7. In concrete pavements, a. contraction joint comprising a composition plate for dividing the concrete into sections embodying in its surface structure a rubberized compositori having a .pouring fluidity between 160 F. and 440 F. characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative powers, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures, said dividing plate being superposed by a molding plate which is provided with a recess in the bottom edge there of for detachably engaging the top edge of the dividing plate, and downwardly extending bars for retaining said plate in place during the concrete pouring operation.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 15,840 Riehle May 13, 1924 1,558,799 Fischer Oct. 27, 1925 1,570,970 Milar Jan. 26, 1926 1,694,213 Fischer Dec. 4, 1928 1,728,114 Fischer Sept. 10, 1929 1,763,369 Robertson June 10 ,1930 2,120,725 Zanin June 14, 1938 2,125,857 Fischer Aug. 2, 1938 2,244,337 Isett June 3, 1941 2,311,286 Tufts Feb. 16, 1943 2,339,556 Greenup Jan. 18, 1944 2,368,650 Fischer Feb. 6, 1945 2,370,153 Fischer Feb. 27, 1945 2,370,647 Fischer Mar. 6, 1945 2,374,186 Fischer Apr. 24, 1945 

